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Journal published article by Bonnie Grimaldi that helps to explain the basis for her formulation of ts-PLUS CONTROL:

 
Med Hypotheses 2002 Jan;58(1):47-60 Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
 
The central role of magnesium deficiency in Tourette's syndrome: causal relationships between magnesium deficiency, altered biochemical pathways and symptoms relating to Tourette's syndrome and several reported comorbid conditions.

Grimaldi BL.

Pickerington, Ohio, USA

Prior studies have suggested a common etiology involved in Tourette's syndrome and several comorbid conditions and symptomatology. Reportedly, current medications used in Tourette's syndrome have intolerable side-effects or are ineffective for many patients. After thoroughly researching the literature, I hypothesize that magnesium deficiency may be the central precipitating event and common pathway for the subsequent biochemical effects on substance P, kynurenine, NMDA receptors, and vitamin B6 that may result in the symptomatology of Tourette's syndrome and several reported comorbid conditions. These comorbid conditions and symptomatology include allergy, asthma, autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, coprolalia, copropraxia, anxiety, depression, restless leg syndrome, migraine, self-injurious behavior, autoimmunity, rage, bruxism, seizure, heart arrhythmia, heightened sensitivity to sensory stimuli, and an exaggerated startle response. Common possible environmental and genetic factors are discussed, as well as biochemical mechanisms. Clinical studies to determine the medical efficacy for a comprehensive magnesium treatment option for Tourette's syndrome need to be conducted to make this relatively safe, low side-effect treatment option available to doctors and their patients. Copyright 2002 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.

PMID: 11863398 [PubMed - in process]

Magnesium-rich supplement protocol taught by CPhA:

I was astounded and pleasantly surprised as I was doing some online research for a current study I am conducting with Robert DiSilvestro, PhD that is underway at Ohio State University into the nutritional aspects of TS. (The TSA has given permission to allow its members to participate in my study and participants in central Ohio are now being gathered!)

I stumbled across a link to the CPhA (California Pharmacists Association) http://www.cpha.com/about/educ/ce/Feb03/0203ce.php that is a Feb 2003 continuing education article and test that teaches and references my hypothesis for a magnesium-rich supplement as an alternative treatment for TS:

On page 18 under Other Treatments..." Magnesium deficiency has been proposed as a potential cause of tics. Grimaldi 5 presented a theory that a decrease in magnesium causes increases in the enzyme kynurenine, which confirms decreased levels of serotonin. Decreased magnesium also causes an increased activity of NMDA receptors because it can no longer plug the receptor, thus allowing calcium to enter the cell, facilitating activation. None of these theories have been tested in any trials or studies. Grimaldi recommends a trial that requires supplementation with 600 mg/day of magnesium orally (from taurine-chelated magnesium), vitamin B6, zinc, and other supplements. 5"

(my note: kynurenine is not an enzyme, and the word "enzyme" should be deleted)

Click on References http://www.cpha.com/about/educ/ce/Feb03/ref.php

"5. Grimaldi BL. The Central Role of Magnesium Deficiency in Tourette's Syndrome: Causal Relationships Between Magnesium Deficiency, Altered Biochemical Pathways and Symptoms Relating to Tourette's Syndrome and Several Reported Comorbid Conditions. Medical Hypotheses 2002;58(1):47-60." http://www.ncbi.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?...8&dopt=Abstract

If you click on Table 5 http://www.cpha.com/about/educ/ce/Feb03/table5.php magnesium+supplements is listed under drug alternatives.

It is even on the test!...(I can't cut and paste this pdf, so I will type it in - you can click on Take the Test)http://www.cpha.com/about/educ/ce/Feb03/feb03ceform.pdf

"11. Which alternative therapy for TS has ben proposed but not studied?"
correct answer: "c. Magnesium replacement therapy"

I haven't done a search to see if other similar highly esteemed medical organizations have also recognized my hypothesis as valid, but I am very encouraged! I look forward to helping to unlock the mysteries of TS through research. Due to my recently published hypothesis, my career has taken a turn towards graduate nutritional research at the Ohio State University where I am employed and also now a master's candidate in Nutrition. I look forward to helping to unlock the mysteries of TS through my research.

 

 

 


 

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Last modified: 12/29/06